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Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In this publication, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad(...)
Paper machines : about cards & catalogs, 1548-1929
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Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In this publication, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a "universal paper machine" that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business.
Fantasies of the library
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''Fantasies of the Library'' imagines, and enacts, the library as both keeper of books and curator of ideas as a platform of the future. The book includes an essay on the institutional ordering principles of book collections; a conversation with the proprietors of the Prelinger Library in San Francisco; reflections on the role of cultural memory and the archive; and a(...)
août 2018
Fantasies of the library
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''Fantasies of the Library'' imagines, and enacts, the library as both keeper of books and curator of ideas as a platform of the future. The book includes an essay on the institutional ordering principles of book collections; a conversation with the proprietors of the Prelinger Library in San Francisco; reflections on the role of cultural memory and the archive; and a dialogue with a new media theorist about experiments at the intersection of curatorial practice and open-source ebooks. The reader emerges from this book-as-exhibition with the growing conviction that the library is not only a curatorial space but a bibliological imaginary, ripe for the exploration of consequential paginated affairs. The physicality of the book- and this book- ''resists the digital,'' argues coeditor Etienne Turpin, ''but not in a nostalgic way.''
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Vous souffrez d'agoraphobie, de la crise de la quarantaine, d'une jambe cassée ou d'un chagrin d'amour ? Sachez qu’un livre peut avoir l'effet d'un prodigieux médicament, voire vous sauver ! Vous en doutez ? Essayez plutôt... Vous trouverez ici les meilleurs romans adaptés à votre cas. Garantis sans effets secondaires, ils vous permettront de traiter les pathologies(...)
novembre 2016
Remèdes littéraires : se soigner par les livres
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Vous souffrez d'agoraphobie, de la crise de la quarantaine, d'une jambe cassée ou d'un chagrin d'amour ? Sachez qu’un livre peut avoir l'effet d'un prodigieux médicament, voire vous sauver ! Vous en doutez ? Essayez plutôt... Vous trouverez ici les meilleurs romans adaptés à votre cas. Garantis sans effets secondaires, ils vous permettront de traiter les pathologies telles que : abandon, alcoolisme, calvitie, rage de dents, mal de dos, harcèlement, hémorroïdes, insomnie, jalousie, ménopause, obésité, rhume des foins, solitude… et bien d'autres !
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The normative order and authoritarian use of conventional archives has long been criticised. This volume investigates the digitally informed transformation and multiplication of archives today, in conjunction with the increase in both accessibility and the amount of data produced, stored, and circulated. Despite improved search capabilities, documents, photographs, and(...)
Order and collapse: the lives of archives
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The normative order and authoritarian use of conventional archives has long been criticised. This volume investigates the digitally informed transformation and multiplication of archives today, in conjunction with the increase in both accessibility and the amount of data produced, stored, and circulated. Despite improved search capabilities, documents, photographs, and other images are in danger of vanishing. Yet new knowledge, connotations, and materialities are also emerging. Through various texts and artworks, a selection of contemporary artistic and research-based approaches to existing archives, the act of collecting images, and creating new archives is represented.
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Nous entrons dans « l’ère post-numérique », les technologies du numérique ne sont plus perçues comme un phénomène révolutionnaire, mais plutôt comme faisant partie intégrante de notre quotidien. La mutation de l’industrie de la musique et du cinéma, où les fichiers circulent en « bits et octets » via les téléchargements et le streaming, est désormais tenue pour acquise.(...)
Post-digital print : la mutation de l'édition depuis 1984
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Nous entrons dans « l’ère post-numérique », les technologies du numérique ne sont plus perçues comme un phénomène révolutionnaire, mais plutôt comme faisant partie intégrante de notre quotidien. La mutation de l’industrie de la musique et du cinéma, où les fichiers circulent en « bits et octets » via les téléchargements et le streaming, est désormais tenue pour acquise. Cependant, dans le monde de l’édition de livres et de revues, cette transformation ne fait que commencer. Pourtant, les prémices de cette mutation sont loin d’être récents. Depuis plus d’un siècle, des artistes d’avant-garde, des activistes et des ingénieurs ont anticipé le développement des réseaux et de l’édition numérique. Bien que la mort annoncée du papier ait été largement exagérée, l’édition numérique est désormais devenue une réalité. Comment l’analogique et le numérique vont-ils coexister dans l’ère post-numérique ? Comment vont-ils s’entrecroiser, se mélanger et se dépasser ? Dans ce livre, Alessandro Ludovico repense l’histoire de la technologie des médias, de l’activisme culturel et des arts d’avant-garde comme une préhistoire de la soi-disant dichotomie entre papier et numérique.
The stuff of bits
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In this publication, Paul Dourish examines the specific materialities that certain digital objects exhibit. He presents four case studies: emulation, the creation of a “virtual” computer inside another; digital spreadsheets and their role in organizational practice; relational databases and the issue of “the databaseable”; and the evolution of digital networking and the(...)
The stuff of bits
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In this publication, Paul Dourish examines the specific materialities that certain digital objects exhibit. He presents four case studies: emulation, the creation of a “virtual” computer inside another; digital spreadsheets and their role in organizational practice; relational databases and the issue of “the databaseable”; and the evolution of digital networking and the representational entailments of network protocols. These case studies demonstrate how a materialist account can offer an entry point to broader concerns - questions of power, policy, and polity in the realm of the digital.
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Each of us has an ever-growing collection of personal digital data: documents, photographs, PowerPoint presentations, videos, music, emails and texts sent and received. To access any of this, we have to find it. The ease (or difficulty) of finding something depends on how we organize our digital stuff. In this book, personal information management (PIM) experts Ofer(...)
novembre 2016
The science of managing our digital stuff
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Each of us has an ever-growing collection of personal digital data: documents, photographs, PowerPoint presentations, videos, music, emails and texts sent and received. To access any of this, we have to find it. The ease (or difficulty) of finding something depends on how we organize our digital stuff. In this book, personal information management (PIM) experts Ofer Bergman and Steve Whittaker explain why we organize our personal digital data the way we do and how the design of new PIM systems can help us manage our collections more efficiently.
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From Greek and Roman times to the digital era, the library has remained central to knowledge, scholarship, and the imagination. The Meaning of the Library is a generously illustrated examination of this key institution of Western culture. Tracing what the library has meant since its beginning, examining how its significance has shifted, and pondering its importance in the(...)
The meaning of the library: a cultural history
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From Greek and Roman times to the digital era, the library has remained central to knowledge, scholarship, and the imagination. The Meaning of the Library is a generously illustrated examination of this key institution of Western culture. Tracing what the library has meant since its beginning, examining how its significance has shifted, and pondering its importance in the twenty-first century, notable contributors—including the Librarian of Congress and the former executive director of the HathiTrust—present a cultural history of the library. In an informative introduction, Alice Crawford sets out the book's purpose and scope, and an international array of scholars, librarians, writers, and critics offer vivid perspectives about the library through their chosen fields. The Meaning of the Library will appeal to all who are interested in this vital institution's heritage and ongoing legacy.
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In Archive Fever, Jacques Derrida deftly guides us through an extended meditation on remembrance, religion, time, and technology—fruitfully occasioned by a deconstructive analysis of the notion of archiving. Intrigued by the evocative relationship between technologies of inscription and psychic processes, Derrida offers for the first time a major statement on the(...)
août 2017
Archive fever: a freudian impression
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In Archive Fever, Jacques Derrida deftly guides us through an extended meditation on remembrance, religion, time, and technology—fruitfully occasioned by a deconstructive analysis of the notion of archiving. Intrigued by the evocative relationship between technologies of inscription and psychic processes, Derrida offers for the first time a major statement on the pervasive impact of electronic media, particularly e-mail, which threaten to transform the entire public and private space of humanity. Plying this rich material with characteristic virtuosity, Derrida constructs a synergistic reading of archives and archiving, both provocative and compelling.
Data feminism
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Today, data science is a form of power. It has been used to expose injustice, improve health outcomes, and topple governments. But it has also been used to discriminate, police, and surveil. This potential for good, on the one hand, and harm, on the other, makes it essential to ask: Data science by whom? Data science for whom? Data science with whose interests in mind?(...)
mars 2020
Data feminism
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Today, data science is a form of power. It has been used to expose injustice, improve health outcomes, and topple governments. But it has also been used to discriminate, police, and surveil. This potential for good, on the one hand, and harm, on the other, makes it essential to ask: Data science by whom? Data science for whom? Data science with whose interests in mind? The narratives around big data and data science are overwhelmingly white, male, and techno-heroic. In ''Data feminism,'' Catherine D'Ignazio and Lauren Klein present a new way of thinking about data science and data ethics—one that is informed by intersectional feminist thought. Illustrating data feminism in action, D'Ignazio and Klein show how challenges to the male/female binary can help challenge other hierarchical (and empirically wrong) classification systems. They explain how, for example, an understanding of emotion can expand our ideas about effective data visualization, and how the concept of invisible labor can expose the significant human efforts required by our automated systems. And they show why the data never, ever ''speak for themselves.'' ''Data feminism'' offers strategies for data scientists seeking to learn how feminism can help them work toward justice, and for feminists who want to focus their efforts on the growing field of data science. But ''Data feminism'' is about much more than gender. It is about power, about who has it and who doesn't, and about how those differentials of power can be challenged and changed.