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Precision is necessary in the field of architecture, and new technologies have increased demands for accuracy, particularly when the smallest errors can have outsized consequences. However, the importance of precision, or exactitude, has not received the consideration it merits. While themes of sustainability, performance, and formal innovation have been at the forefront(...)
Théorie de l’architecture
juillet 2022
Exactitude: On precision and play in contemporary architecture
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Precision is necessary in the field of architecture, and new technologies have increased demands for accuracy, particularly when the smallest errors can have outsized consequences. However, the importance of precision, or exactitude, has not received the consideration it merits. While themes of sustainability, performance, and formal innovation have been at the forefront of architectural scholarship for the past twenty years, this book moves beyond these concerns to explore the theoretical and practical demands exactitude makes on architecture as a field. The eleven essays collected here investigate the possibilities and shortcomings of exactitude and delve into current debates about the state of contemporary architecture as both a technological craft and artistic creation. Featuring new work by leading theorists, historians, editors, architects, and scholars, this volume brings theory and practice into insightful and productive conversations.
Théorie de l’architecture
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« Les architectes ne font pas des bâtiments, ils les imaginent et les dessinent. » Cet ouvrage explore des situations qui troublent la frontière entre conception et construction qui met en perspective une valorisation du''faire'' à l'œuvre en architecture à travers différentes pratiques : l’enseignement par la production à l’échelle 1:1, les expérimentations matérielles(...)
Théorie de l’architecture
février 2023
Penser-faire : Quand les architectes se mêlent de construction / Thinking-making: When architects engage in construction
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« Les architectes ne font pas des bâtiments, ils les imaginent et les dessinent. » Cet ouvrage explore des situations qui troublent la frontière entre conception et construction qui met en perspective une valorisation du''faire'' à l'œuvre en architecture à travers différentes pratiques : l’enseignement par la production à l’échelle 1:1, les expérimentations matérielles en situation de construction, le réemploi de matériaux, la fabrication digitale, la construction en terre crue ou encore l'autoconstruction. / ''Architects do not make buildings, they design them. '' This book explores situations which challenge this division between design and construction. It investigates the growing prominence of making architecture through a series of case studies: design-build pedagogies, material experimentations in the design process, the use of reclaimed materials, digital fabrication, the crafts attached to raw-earth construction, or practices of self building.
Théorie de l’architecture
Architecture and abstraction
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In this theoretical study of abstraction in architecture—the first of its kind—Pier Vittorio Aureli argues for a reconsideration of abstraction, its meanings, and its sources. Although architects have typically interpreted abstraction in formal terms—the purposeful reduction of the complexities of design to its essentials—Aureli shows that abstraction instead arises from(...)
Architecture and abstraction
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In this theoretical study of abstraction in architecture—the first of its kind—Pier Vittorio Aureli argues for a reconsideration of abstraction, its meanings, and its sources. Although architects have typically interpreted abstraction in formal terms—the purposeful reduction of the complexities of design to its essentials—Aureli shows that abstraction instead arises from the material conditions of building production. In a lively study informed by Walter Benjamin, Karl Marx, Alfred Sohn-Rethel, and other social theorists, Architecture and Abstraction presents abstraction in architecture not as an aesthetic tendency but as a movement that arises from modern divisions of labor and consequent social asymmetries. These divisions were anticipated by the architecture of antiquity, which established a distinction between manual and intellectual labor, and placed the former in service to the latter. Further abstractions arose as geometry, used for measuring territories, became the intermediary between land and money and eventually produced the logic of the grid. In our own time, architectural abstraction serves the logic of capitalism and embraces the premise that all things can be exchanged—even experience itself is a commodity. To resist this turn, Aureli seeks a critique of architecture that begins not by scaling philosophical heights, but by standing at the ground level of material practice.
Théorie de l’architecture
Architecture's theory
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From poststructuralism and deconstruction to current theories of technology and nature, critical theory has long been closely aligned with architecture. In turn, architecture as a thinking profession materializes theory in the form of built work that always carries symbolic loads. In this collection of essays, Catherine Ingraham studies the complex connectivity between(...)
Architecture's theory
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From poststructuralism and deconstruction to current theories of technology and nature, critical theory has long been closely aligned with architecture. In turn, architecture as a thinking profession materializes theory in the form of built work that always carries symbolic loads. In this collection of essays, Catherine Ingraham studies the complex connectivity between architecture's discipline and practice and theories of philosophy, art, literature, history, and politics. She argues that there can be no architecture without theory. Whether considering architecture's relationship to biomodernity or exploring the ways in which contemporary artists and designers engage in figural play, Ingraham offers provocative interpretations that enhance our understanding of both critical theory and architectural practice today. Along the way, she engages with a wide range of contemporary theorists, including Giorgio Agamben, Judith Butler, Jacques Derrida, Graham Harman, and Timothy Morton, considering buildings around the world, including the Palace of Culture in Warsaw, the Viceroy's House complex in New Delhi, Mack Scogin and Merrill Elam's Wolfsburg Science Center project in Germany, and the Superdome in New Orleans.
Théorie de l’architecture
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In this book, Mario Carpo reviews the long history of the computational mode of production, showing how the merger of robotic automation and artificial intelligence will stop and reverse the modernist quest for scale. Today's technologies already allow us to use nonstandard building materials as found, or as made, and assemble them in as many nonstandard, intelligent,(...)
Beyond digital: Design and automation at the end of modernity
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In this book, Mario Carpo reviews the long history of the computational mode of production, showing how the merger of robotic automation and artificial intelligence will stop and reverse the modernist quest for scale. Today's technologies already allow us to use nonstandard building materials as found, or as made, and assemble them in as many nonstandard, intelligent, adaptive ways as needed: the microfactories of our imminent future will be automated artisan shops.The post-industrial logic of computational manufacturing has been known and theorized for some time. By tracing its theoretical and technical sources, and reviewing the design theories that accompanied its rise, Carpo shows how the computational project is now being recast by the urgency of the climate crisis and by the global pandemic, which has tragically proven its viability. Looking at the work of a new generation of designers, technologists, and producers, this volume offers a new modern agenda for our post-industrial future.
Théorie de l’architecture
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Between 1917 and 1945, a tide of hyperindustrialization washed over the United States and the Soviet Union. While the two countries remained ideologically opposed, the factories that amassed in Stalingrad, Moscow, Detroit, Buffalo, and Cleveland were strikingly similar, as were the new forms of modern work and urban and infrastructural development that supported this(...)
Théorie de l’architecture
septembre 2023
Detroit-Moscow-Detroit: An architecture for industrialization, 1917-1945
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Between 1917 and 1945, a tide of hyperindustrialization washed over the United States and the Soviet Union. While the two countries remained ideologically opposed, the factories that amassed in Stalingrad, Moscow, Detroit, Buffalo, and Cleveland were strikingly similar, as were the new forms of modern work and urban and infrastructural development that supported this industrialization. Drawing on previously unknown archival materials and photographs, the essays in ''Detroit-Moscow-Detroit'' document a stunning two-way transfer of technical knowledge between the United States and the USSR that greatly influenced the built environment in both countries, upgrading each to major industrial power by the start of the Second World War. The innovative research presented here explores spatial development, manufacturing, mass production, and organizational planning across geopolitical lines to demonstrate that capitalist and communist built environments in the twentieth century were not diametrically opposed and were, on certain sites, coproduced in a period of intense technical exchange between the two world wars. A fresh account of the effects of industrialization and globalization on US and Soviet cultures, architecture, and urban history, ''Detroit-Moscow-Detroit'' will find wide readership among architects, urban designers, and scholars of architectural, urban, and twentieth-century history.
Théorie de l’architecture
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The nineteenth century saw the emergence of a new genre of architectural writing: the grand history of world architecture. This genre often expressed a deeply Eurocentric worldview, largely dismissing non-Western architecture through narratives of historical progress and stylistic beauty. Yet even as nineteenth-century historians worked to construct an exclusive(...)
Théorie de l’architecture
octobre 2023
Narrating the globe: The emergence of world histories of architecture
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The nineteenth century saw the emergence of a new genre of architectural writing: the grand history of world architecture. This genre often expressed a deeply Eurocentric worldview, largely dismissing non-Western architecture through narratives of historical progress and stylistic beauty. Yet even as nineteenth-century historians worked to construct an exclusive architectural canon, they were engaged in constant debate over its categories and constraints. ''Narrating the globe'' traces the emergence of this historical canon, exposing the questions and problems that prompted the canon’s very formation. Bringing together architectural historians from around the world, this collection of essays—the first comprehensive examination of the nineteenth-century architectural history survey as a literary genre—includes overviews of the origins and legacy of the global architecture survey genre, as well as close examinations of key works, including books by lesser-known but intriguing authors such as Louisa C. Tuthill, Christian L. Stieglitz, and Daniel Ramée, and the more famous surveys by James Fergusson, Franz Kugler, Banister Fletcher, and Auguste Choisy.
Théorie de l’architecture
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The term 'style' has fallen spectacularly out of fashion in architectural circles. Once a conceptual key to understanding architecture’s inner workings, today style seems to be associated with superficiality, formalism, and obsolete periodization. But how did style—once defined by German sociologist Georg Simmel as a place where one is 'no longer alone'—in architecture(...)
Style and solitude: The history of an architectural problem
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The term 'style' has fallen spectacularly out of fashion in architectural circles. Once a conceptual key to understanding architecture’s inner workings, today style seems to be associated with superficiality, formalism, and obsolete periodization. But how did style—once defined by German sociologist Georg Simmel as a place where one is 'no longer alone'—in architecture actually work? How was it used and what did it mean? In ''Style and solitude,'' Mari Hvattum seeks to understand the apparent death of style, returning to its birthplace in the late eighteenth century, and charting how it grew to influence modern architectural discourse and practice. As Hvattum explains, German thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth century offered competing ideas of what style was and how it should be applied in architecture. From Karl Friedrich Schinkel’s thoughtful eclecticism to King Maximilian II’s attempt to capture the zeitgeist in an architectural competition, style was at the center of fascinating experiments and furious disputes. Starting with Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s invention of the period style and ending a century later with Gottfried Semper’s generative theory of style, Hvattum explores critical debates that are still ongoing today.
Théorie de l’architecture
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The architectural drawing might seem to be a quintessentially modern form, and indeed many histories of the genre begin in the early modern period with Italian Renaissance architects such as Alberti. Yet the Middle Ages also had a remarkably sophisticated way of drawing and writing about architecture. ''God’s own language'' takes us to twelfth-century Paris, where a(...)
God's own language: Architectural drawing in the twelfth century
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The architectural drawing might seem to be a quintessentially modern form, and indeed many histories of the genre begin in the early modern period with Italian Renaissance architects such as Alberti. Yet the Middle Ages also had a remarkably sophisticated way of drawing and writing about architecture. ''God’s own language'' takes us to twelfth-century Paris, where a Scottish monk named Richard of Saint Victor, along with his mentor Hugh, developed an innovative visual and textual architectural language. In the process, he devised techniques and terms that we still use today, from sectional elevations to the word “plan.” Surprisingly, however, Richard’s detailed drawings appeared not in an architectural treatise but in a widely circulated set of biblical commentaries. Seeing architecture as a way of communicating with the divine, Richard drew plans and elevations for such biblical constructions as Noah’s ark and the temple envisioned by the prophet Ezekiel. Interpreting Richard and Hugh’s drawings and writings within the context of the thriving theological and intellectual cultures of medieval Paris, Karl Kinsella argues that the popularity of these works suggests that, centuries before the Renaissance, there was a large circle of readers with a highly developed understanding of geometry and the visual language of architecture.
Théorie de l’architecture
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In ''Vitruvius: Writing the body of architecture,'' Indra Kagis McEwen argued that Vitruvius's first-century BCE treatise ''De architectura'' was informed by imperial ideology, giving architecture a role in the imperial Roman project of world rule. In her sequel, ''All the King's Horses,'' McEwen focuses on the early Renaissance reception of Vitruvius's thought beginning(...)
All the king's horses: Vitruvius in an age of princes
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In ''Vitruvius: Writing the body of architecture,'' Indra Kagis McEwen argued that Vitruvius's first-century BCE treatise ''De architectura'' was informed by imperial ideology, giving architecture a role in the imperial Roman project of world rule. In her sequel, ''All the King's Horses,'' McEwen focuses on the early Renaissance reception of Vitruvius's thought beginning with Petrarch—a political reception preoccupied with legitimating existing power structures. During this ''age of princes'' various signori took over Italian towns and cities, displacing independent communes and their avowed ideal of the common good. Architects, taking up Vitruvius's mantle, designed buildings and other structures for these princes with the intent of celebrating and making their power manifest. Through meticulous descriptions of the work of architects and artists from Alberti to Leonardo, McEwen explains how architecture became an instrument of control in the early Italian Renaissance. She shows how architectural magnificence supported claims to power, a phenomenon best displayed in one of the era's most prominent monumental themes: the equestrian statue of a prince, in which the horse became an emanation of the will of the rider, its strength the expression of his strength.
Théorie de l’architecture